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  • 托福語法:口語中非謂語動詞的使用

    時間:2022-10-12 00:30:05 托福考試 我要投稿
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    托福語法:口語中非謂語動詞的使用

      以下是小編帶來的托福語法:口語中非謂語動詞的使用,歡迎閱讀。

    托福語法:口語中非謂語動詞的使用

      口語中很多時候需要非謂語動詞的語法運用,但是大多數(shù)學(xué)生對于這個現(xiàn)象只是聽過,但是使用起來卻不知所以然。所以我在課上我會跟學(xué)生,尤其是基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生來推薦用這個語法在口語中,這樣使口語的句子含金量更高,聽起來更加高大上。為了使學(xué)生正確使用,我會事先做個統(tǒng)一的講解,然后再要求學(xué)生盡量用在接下的表達中,這樣會減少出錯的概率,即使出錯了,經(jīng)過我糾正,學(xué)生便知道錯在哪里。

      在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞.非謂語動詞有動詞不定式;動名詞;現(xiàn)在分詞;過去分詞。

      用法是:

      一、動詞不定式:(to)+do, 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。

      1. 不定式的形式:

      否定式:not + (to) do

      (1) 一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如:I'm glad to meet you.

      (2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生,例如:The boy pretended to beworking hard.

      (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:I regretted to have told a lie.

      2.不定式的句法功能:

      (1)作主語:

      To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

      動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如可用如下形式:

      It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

      (2)作表語:

      Her job is to clean the hall.

      (3)作賓語:

      常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse,manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如:

      Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

      (4)作賓語補足語:

      在復(fù)合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order,beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

      (5)作定語:

      動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后.與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:

      ①動賓關(guān)系:

      I have a meeting to attend.

      注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應(yīng)有必要的介詞,如:

      He found a good house to live in.

      The child has nothing to worry about.

      What did you open it with?

      如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:

      He has no place to live.

      This is the best way to work out this problem.

      如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:

      Have you got anything to send?

      Have you got anything to be sent?

     、谡f明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:

      We have made a plan to finish the work.

     、郾恍揎椕~是不定式邏輯主語:

      He is the first to get here.

      (6)作狀語:

     、俦砟康模

      He worked day and night to get the money.

      She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

      注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:

      wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

      right:To save money, he has tried every means.

      wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

      right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

     、诒斫Y(jié)果:

      He arrived late to find the train gone.

      常用only放在不定式前表示強調(diào):

      I visited him only to find him out.

      ③表原因:

      They were very sad to hear the news.

     、鼙沓潭龋

      It's too dark for us to see anything.

      The question is simple for him to answer.

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