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高中英語重點(diǎn)詞語辨析之介詞「匯總」
導(dǎo)語：在高考中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到一些意義相似的英語單詞，你知道他們的正確用法嗎？下面小編給大家總結(jié)一些詞語，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1．a(chǎn)bove / over / on / up
above：在……之上。指某物高過于另一物，與below相對(duì)。例如：
例：The water came above our knees.（水深及膝之上。）
over：在……之上。指某物在另一物的正上方，互不接觸，與under相對(duì)。例如：
例：The lamp hangs over the table.
on：在……之上。指某物在另一物的上面，并相互接觸。例如：
例：The lamp stands on the table.
up：在……之上。指由低向高。例如：
例：As they went up the mountain, they had to stop from time to time.
2．a(chǎn)cross / over / through
across：橫過。指在同一平面上或成十字交叉穿過。例如：
例：He was leading the blind man across the street. （他帶著那個(gè)盲人過街。）
through：穿過。指從物體中間或空間穿過。例如：
例：They walked through street after street, searching for a suitable dress.
（他們走街串巷，想找一件合適的禮服。）
over：越過。指跨過障礙物。例如：
例：The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.
3．a(chǎn)fter / behind / at the back of
after：在……以后（表示時(shí)間）；在……后面（表示地點(diǎn)，通常指次序的先后）。例如：
例：Two days after his arrival, I called on him.
例：They went out of the hall one after another.
例：After you！請(qǐng)�。茸撸。�
behind：在……后面。表示地點(diǎn)，指主體外部的后面，相對(duì)于in front of而言；它有時(shí)也表示時(shí)間，指針對(duì)某一規(guī)定時(shí)刻而遲了的意思。例如：
例：There is a river behind our school.
例：The train was behind time. （火車晚點(diǎn)了。）
at the back of：在……后部。表示地點(diǎn)，指主體內(nèi)部的后部，相對(duì)于in the front of而言。例如：
例：There is a playground at the back of our school.
4．a(chǎn)fter / in
after：在……以后（當(dāng)其后接一段時(shí)間或過去某一時(shí)刻時(shí)，應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)其后接將來某一特定時(shí)刻時(shí)，應(yīng)使用將來時(shí)態(tài)）。in：在……以后（后接一段時(shí)間，以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來）。例如：
例：He will be back in two hours.
例：He will be back after two o’clock.
例：He was back after two hours.
例：He was back two hours later / after.
5．a(chǎn)mong / between
among：在……之間。一般指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的同類事物中。例如：
例：The Yangtze is among the longest rivers in the world.
between：在……之間。一般指在兩者之間或三者以上的每兩者之間。例如：
例：I dropped it somewhere between my house and the station.
例：The tables in this restaurant are so close together that there is little room between them for people to move.
�。ㄟ@餐館的桌子排得太密了，桌子與桌子之間幾乎沒有空間讓人們移動(dòng)。）
6．by turns / in turn / take turns
by turns的意思是“輪流地，交替地，忽而……忽而……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)。in turn的意思是“依次相繼地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)按順序，還有“轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來”之意。表示“輪流地”時(shí)，take turns跟by turns同義，但二者的語法意義不同。例如：
例：We had a swing by turns. （我們輪流蕩秋千。）
例：She went hot and cold by turns. （她一會(huì)兒發(fā)熱，一會(huì)兒發(fā)冷。）
例：The children got on the train in turn. （孩子們依次上了火車。）
例：Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.
（利率被調(diào)低了，而反過來，股票價(jià)格卻上揚(yáng)了。）
例：Dan and I usually take turns to cook / in cooking.
7．except / but / besides / including / included
except：除……外，沒有。指同類人、事、物的比較；另外，其搭配except for指不同類的人、事、物比較，except that，except when后接從句。例如：
例：All the articles were well written except Ann’s. （同類物相比，即安的作文寫得不好。）
例：Ann’s article was well written except for some spelling mistakes.
�。ú煌愇锵啾�，即只不過有些拼寫錯(cuò)。）
例809：Ann is a good student except that she is sometimes careless.
（跟從句，即只不過有時(shí)粗心。）
例：The old lady often takes a walk except when it is raining. （跟從句，即下雨時(shí)不散步。）
but：除……外，沒有。與except同義，但只用于who，all，no one，nobody，nothing，everyone或everything等代詞后。例如：
例：Who but Carl would do that?（除了卡爾，誰還愿意做那件事？）
例：They had no choice but to give in. （他們只好屈服。）
例：He does everything but cook. （他什么都行，就是不會(huì)做飯。此處的but前面有行為動(dòng)詞do，其后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)不帶to。）
besides：作介詞，意為“除……外，還有”；作副詞，意為“況且，再說”。例如：
例：All the students went besides their teachers.
例：It’s getting dark; besides, it’s going to rain.
including / included：包括。注意它們不是介詞，including是動(dòng)詞include的ing形式，included則是形容詞。例如：
例：All the students went, including Li Hua / Li Hua included.
（后者是獨(dú)立主格，相當(dāng)于and Li Hua was included。）
8．for the first time / the first time / the time
for the first time: 在句中作狀語；the first time和the time在句中起著連詞的作用。如：
例：They were invited to the palace ball for the first time in their life.
例：It was for the first time that he made such a mistake. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）
例：It is the first time (that) he has made such a mistake.
例：The first time I met him, he was feeding his sheep.
（此處語法意義上可以用the last time 或 the next time替換)
例：The time the bell rang, all the pupils rushed out.
此處語法意義上可以用as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, instantly, immediately等替換；還可以用Hardly … when, Scarcely … when, No sooner ... than等倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。如：
例：Hardly had the bell rang when all the pupils rushed out.
�。ㄢ徛曇豁�，所有的學(xué)生都沖了出去。）
9．in all / at all / after all / above all / for all / first of all
in all：總計(jì)(=in total)。at all：根本，全然（用于加強(qiáng)語氣）。after all：畢竟。above all：首要（相當(dāng)于the most important of all）。for all：盡管。first of all：首先。例如：
例：First of all, I’d like to share the good news with you. For all the difficulties, we’ve managed to finish forty items in all. But we still have to work harder, and above all, we shall value every possible minute. After all, we have only ten days to go. We have no time to waste at all! （首先，我想和大家一起分享好消息：盡管存在種種困難，我們還是設(shè)法完成了總共四十個(gè)項(xiàng)目。然而，我們還得更加努力，最重要是要珍惜每分每秒，畢竟我們的期限只剩十天，我們的時(shí)間實(shí)在浪費(fèi)不起�。。�
10．in the end / at the end of / by the end of
in the end：最后，終于。指時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于at last或finally。例如：
例：He waited and waited, but gave up in the end.
at the end of：在……末了，在……末端。指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。例如：
例：At the end of the party, they added another program.
例：You’ll find the post-office at the end of the street.
by the end of：在……結(jié)束時(shí)，到……末為止。常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
例：We had learnt 24 units by the end of last term.
例：We will have learnt 24 units by the end of this term.
11．in the past / in the past three years
in the past：過去（用過去時(shí)）。in the past three years：近三年（用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）。例如：
例：Our town was poor in the past, but great changes have taken place in the town in the past / last three years. （我們的鎮(zhèn)過去窮，可是近三年發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。）
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