初中英語句型分類知識點詳解

　　初中英語句型分類知識點詳解：一般否定句與特指否定句

　　1. 一般否定句

　　句型1[主語+特殊定式動詞+not+行為動詞或表語+其他]

　　1. China of today is not what it was thirty years ago.

　　2. "Isn't that Teddy Thomson out?"-"I think it's him, but I can't be a hundred percent sure."

　　3. "Oh, sir, he can't have said such a thing! He can't have spoken like that to you, sir!"

　　4. We must not wait for favors from Nature; we must take them from her.

　　5. I haven't finished the book yet. 6. Money could not buy happiness.

　　[注1] He is no fool. Great barkers are no biters.

　　句型2[主語+do(does, did)+ not+行為動詞+其他]

　　1. Sorrow doesn't buy bread. 2. Pure gold does not dread fire.

　　3. "Why is Mr. Cooper so angry today?"-"I don't know why."

　　4. "They did not steal so much."-"I don't care how much." He said, "… A thief is a thief."

　　句型3[主語+ 行為動詞+ no/not+賓語+其他]

　　1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

　　2. Viola, hearing this, knew not how to behave, nor how to answer her.

　　3. I know not what course others may take, but, as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

　　4. We are fleet-winged men at arms; we fear not mountains high or rivers deep.

　　句型4[There be+ no/not/not any+主語(+狀語)]

　　1. There was no well in the village at that time.

　　2. Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse… There were no aunts, no sisters, no cousins, no grand mothers.

　　3. There is not a moment to be lost. 4. There is no holding back the wheel of history

　　[附注] 一般否定句的其他表達方式：

　　1. Who knows it? (=No one knows it.) Dare he do it? (=He dare not do it.)

　　2. God only knows! (=No one knows.) As if I would allow it! (= I would certainly not allow it.)

　　3. Catch me doing that!

　　4. If I do I am a villain. (=I will not do.) Do that again if you dare.

　　5. In Heaven, an angel is nobody in particular. They shun personal fame and gains.

　　6. The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear weapon-free zone. The building is in a state of neglect.

　　7. She stood still, trying winly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions raised by the reporters.

　　8. I dislike the idea very much. Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. Yesterday she failed to get to school on time. The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. They excluded children (from) getting in. We'll forever live up to what the party expects of us. Avoid operating the keys roughly. She was refused admittance by them.

　　9. Slips are scarcely avoidable when you're new to your work. He is ignorant of conditions at the levels. Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army pf the people.

　　10. The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. Lei Feng's noble deeds are above all praise. To do this is beyond my ability. He is out of the office. (= He is not in the office.) Tom is away from Cambridge. (= Tom is not at Cambridge.) It is far from perfect. That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.) The truth is quite other than what you think. I know better than to quarrel.

　　2. 特指否定句

　　句型5[…not+非謂語成分…]

　　1. Not a soul was anywhere visible. 2. You must always remember not to become conceited.

　　3. The teacher told his pupils not to make such a mistake again.

　　4. I went to see him off, not to meet him. 5. We felt sorry for not coming on time

　　句型6[主語+否定式謂語+(賓語)+狀語或從句(被否定部分)]

　　1. I don't think it is right to make such hasty decision. 2. I'm not feeling very well today.

　　3. I don't believe that he will come tomorrow.

　　4. You can't judge a thing only by its looks.

　　5. He's studying English now, but he doesn't speak English very well yet.

　　6. People did not shake off colonialist's yoke in order to put on hegemonist's yoke.

　　7. Don't think ill of me because I use her help. She gives it cheerfully as you see…

　　初中英語定語從句知識點：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

　　1.who指人，在從句中做主語

　　(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，�？墒÷�。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

　　注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)

　　4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時，相當(dāng)于which。

　　在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

　　(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　　whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

　　(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

　　=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　　初中英語定語從句知識點：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

　　1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句

　　關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間.地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。

　　2. that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間.地點或原因

　　That有時可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間.地點或原因，在 that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。

　　返回：初中英語知識點詳解——定語從句篇

　　初中英語定語從句知識點：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

　　1.二者差異比較

　　限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。

　　2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)

　　弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語.賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。

　　3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離

　　定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：

　　1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.

　　2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.

　　初中英語定語從句知識點：As在定語從句中的用法

　　1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

　　(1)as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。

　　(2)as 也可單獨使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如：

　　The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

　　(3)the same… that與 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

　　2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的.位置

　　as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面.中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：

　　(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.

　　(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.

　　初中英語定語從句知識點：that在定語從句中的用法

　　(1)不用that的情況

　　(a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。

　　(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

　　(b) 介詞后不能用。

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

　　(2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

　　(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

　　(b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

　　(c) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時，只用that。

　　(d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不能用which。.

　　(e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。

　　(f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時.

　　(g) 為了避免重復(fù).

　　(h)先行詞是the way或the reason時，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略

　　(i) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時

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