GRE閱讀特點及題型解析

　　以下是小編帶來的GRE閱讀特點及題型解析，希望對你有幫助。

　　一、文章要求需有適合研究生層面的所謂強度(tension)，這種強度通過三個方面來實現(xiàn)，一是基本不采用線性(linear)文章，多數(shù)文章蜿蜒曲折，體現(xiàn)出GRE人文社科類文章所有傳到的世界本就是二律背反的哲學本質(zhì)。

　　二、文章體裁固定，ETS在篩選文章的過程中用一個軟件對文章體裁進行嚴格的限制，只要四類文章，Physical Science (自然科學)、Biological Science(生物科學)、Arts(藝術)、Humanities(人文科學)。GRE文章體裁的固定性為考生的復習框定了范圍，在有經(jīng)驗的老師的指導下學生可以減少復習的盲目性，提高復習效率。

　　三、GRE文章追求最大程度的公平性(fairness)。公平性是ETS這樣一家第三方機構生存的基礎。因此決定了GRE的文章的客觀公正性，文章不可能出現(xiàn)極端的觀點，非黑即白的闡釋，體現(xiàn)出美國研究生院要求學生具備最基本的批判性思維(critical thinking)的能力要求標準。筆者將在未來的12期GRE閱讀題型系列解析中深入分析GRE閱讀出題思路和攻克這個部分的方法和建議。

　　本期我們從第一種題型主旨題開始說起。

　　一篇文章拿出來對考生進行測試大概要從三個方面進行測試：一、考察考生對文章大邏輯的把握能力;二、考察考生對文章小邏輯的把握能力;三、考察考生對細節(jié)的精確定位與同義替換的能力。而我們今天要討論的就是第一種：對文章大邏輯的考察題型--- 主旨題。

　　(一)、主旨題分類：

　　主旨題主要是考察考生對于文章大邏輯把握的能力。細分起來，主旨題分為三種：內(nèi)容性主旨題、架構性主旨題、其他主旨題。

　　(二)、主旨題常見問法：

　　The primary purpose of the passage is to… (內(nèi)容性主旨題)

　　The author is primarily concerned with… (內(nèi)容性主旨題)

　　Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage? (內(nèi)容性主旨題)

　　Which of the following statements best describes the organization of… (架構性主旨題)

　　Which of the following is the most accurate description of the organization of…? (架構性主旨題)

　　Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage? (其他主旨題—文章標題題)

　　The passage would be most likely to appear as a part of… (其他主旨題--文章段落、句子作用題)

　　(三)、解題思路：

　　解決主旨題有兩大思路：從文章入手和從題目選項入手。

　　a)從文章入手指的是著重分析文章段落的首句(Topic Sentence)，因為往往正確選項都是TS的改寫。分析的時候有一點要注意的是GRE文章多數(shù)TS并不是每段的最后一句話，而是文章的第一句。這個跟西方人寫文章要求的PIE 結構(point，illustrate，explain)有關系。中文更喜歡壓軸(end weight)，由于受到中文文章寫法的影響，考生多數(shù)用中文的思維去閱讀英文的文章，當然不得要領了。故而筆者在講授GRE閱讀過程中首先是從中西文章寫作思路異同的角度改變學生不恰當?shù)拈喿x方法入手，以先見森林后見樹木的方法迅速從戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)術層面提高考生的能力。

　　我們來看一個內(nèi)容型主旨題:

　　A mysterious phenomenon is the ability of over-water migrants to travel on course. Birds, bees, and other species can keep track of time without any sensory cues from the outside world, and such “biological clocks” clearly contribute to their “compass sense.” For example, they can use the position of the Sun or stars, along with the time of day, to find north. But compass sense alone cannot explain how birds navigate the ocean: after a flock traveling east is blown far south by a storm, it will assume the proper northeasterly course to compensate. Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. Researchers now know that some species have a magnetic sense, which might allow migrants to determine their geographic location by detecting variations in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.

　　1. The main idea of the passage is that

　　(A) migration over land requires a simpler explanation than migration over water does

　　(B) the means by which animals migrate over water are complex and only partly understood

　　(C) the ability of migrant animals to keep track of time is related to their magnetic sense

　　(D) knowledge of geographic location is essential to migrants with little or no compass sense

　　(E) explanations of how animals migrate tend to replace, rather than build on, one another

　　這種題做題步驟:1. 找TS, 2. 簡單瀏覽一下整個文章 3. 找對TS句的同義替換的句子.按照這樣的步驟看第一句話A mysterious phenomenon is the ability of over-water migrants to travel on course. 一個神奇的現(xiàn)象時越水遷徙的動物為什么能一直保持在準確的航線上呢? 原因是…….. 不難通過排除法很快的選出B 為正確選項。

　　我們再來看一道結構型的主旨題：

　　Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern. As each source is activated, it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock’s elastic characteristics. As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. The seismic records must be processed to correct for positional differences between the source and the receiver, for unrelated wave trains, and for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces. Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface, which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling.

　　Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

　　(A)A method is criticized, and an alternative is suggested.

　　(B)An illustration is examined, and some errors are exposed.

　　(C)An assertion is made, and a procedure is outlined.

　　(D)A series of examples is presented, and a conclusion is drawn.

　　(E)A hypothesis is advanced, and supporting evidence is supplied.

　　分析：首先看題干知道這是一道架構性主旨題，這類的解題有三步：一、找TS，二、找文章里主要的邏輯指示詞(主要是三強-- 強轉折，強因果，強對比，后期專文論述)。三、排除。作者在文章的第一句話(TS)中就提出了自己的觀點：Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves.

　　因為某某方法在搜尋石油存儲過程中傲人的準確性使得這種方法依然是目前最重要的一種方法。接下來我們看文章是典型的process型的文章，后面的部分描述了這種方法的操作流程。接下來，我們排查五個選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)C選項是唯一對TS和文章后續(xù)邏輯的同義替換，所以c 是正確選項。

　　b)從題目選項入手指的是重點分析5個待選的選項，對于主旨題來說，正確的選項都是對于文章的概括或者是對于背景的交代，所以我們可以大膽地剔除那些包含具體事物描述或敘述的選項。但是需要強調(diào)的是，這思路并不能保證我們做對每一道主旨題，而是能夠加快我們解題速度的一種方法。因此就不再舉例說明了。

　　關于其他類型的主旨題，由于在新GRE的閱讀考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率很低，故而不再贅述，如果考生遇到這類題目，解題的方法一樣：找TS, 找邏輯詞，排除。

　　總的說來，GRE閱讀主旨題是GRE閱讀各類題目中比較簡單的一種題型，只要能夠很好地理解段落的Topic Sentence并能準確把握段落邏輯脈絡，一般這類題目的分數(shù)都能夠得到。

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