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  • 常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語

    時間:2021-01-09 12:07:46 醫(yī)務(wù)英語 我要投稿

    常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語

      導(dǎo)語:“臨床”即“親臨病床”之意,臨床醫(yī)學(xué)是研究疾病的病因、診斷、治療和預(yù)后,提高臨床治療水平,促進人體健康的科學(xué)。以下是小編為大家精心整理的.常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語,歡迎大家參考!

      diseases 疾病

      acute diseases 急性病

      advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病

      chronic diseases慢性病

      communicable diseases 傳染病

      complicating diseases 并發(fā)病

      congenital diseases 先天性疾病

      acquired diseases 后天性疾病

      endemic diseases 地方病

      epidemic diseases 流行病

      functional diseases 機能病、官能病

      infectious diseases 傳染病

      inherited diseases 遺傳病

      malignant diseases惡性病

      nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病

      occupation diseases 職業(yè)病

      organic diseases 器質(zhì)性病

      paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病

      periodical diseases 周期病

      primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導(dǎo))病

      secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病

      sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病

      terminal diseases 絕癥

      wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴

      clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)

      delivery history 分娩史

      etiology病因?qū)W

      family history 家族史

      history, medical history 病史

      precipitating(induced)誘因

      marital status婚姻狀況

      menstrual history 月經(jīng)史

      menarche 初潮

      menopause閉經(jīng)

      past history既往史

      pathogenesis 發(fā)病機制

      personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀

      cardinal symptom 主要癥狀

      classical symptom 典型癥狀

      concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀

      constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀

      indirect symptom 間接癥狀

      induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀

      local symptom 局部癥狀

      mental symptom精神癥狀

      symptom—complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群

      signs體征

      antecedent 前驅(qū)征

      assident (accessory) 副征

      commemorative 后遺癥

      sign of death 死征

      diagnostic診斷征

      sign of disease 病征

      subjective 自覺征,主觀征

      vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征

      body length (height of the body) 身高

      body weight 體重

      barrel chest 桶狀胸

      cachexia 惡病質(zhì)

      compulsive position 被動體位

      critical facies 病危面容

      emaciation 消瘦

      enophthalmos 眼球下陷

      entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻

      exophthalmos 眼球突出

      flushed face 面色潮紅

      gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重

      lock—jaw 牙關(guān)緊閉

      lordosis 脊柱前凸

      nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動

      nystagmus 眼震

      obesity 肥胖

      pallor 蒼白

      scolisis 脊柱側(cè)凸

      agitation 焦急不安

      debility, weakness 虛弱

      diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗

      dizziness, vertigo 眩暈

      lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠

      malaise 不適

      night sweat 盜汗

      numbness 麻木

      rigor, chill 寒冷,發(fā)冷

      perspiration, sweating 出汗

      pruritus, itching 癢,

      somasthenia 軀體無力

      tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫

      acidosis 酸中毒

      adhesion 粘連

      alkalosis 堿中毒

      allergy 過敏

      coagulation defect 凝血不良

      congestion 充血

      dehydration 脫水

      distention 膨脹

      edema 水腫

      embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成

      fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂

      gangrene 壞疽

      hematoma 血腫

      hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

      infarction 梗塞,梗死

      infection 傳染

      inflammation 炎癥

      ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

      metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移

      perforation 穿孔

      necrosis 壞死

      shock 休克

      response 反應(yīng),應(yīng)答

      reaction 反應(yīng),感應(yīng)

      thrombosis 血栓形成

      ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒,發(fā)熱

      continuous fever 稽留熱

      intermittent fever 間歇熱

      low—grade fever 低熱

      remittent fever 馳張熱

      relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛

      burning pain 灼痛

      chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛

      cramp—like pain 痙攣性痛

      dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛

      pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

      radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛

      cardiac angina 心絞痛

      backache 背痛

      colic 絞痛,急腹痛

      earache 耳痛

      headache 頭痛

      neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛

      migraine 偏頭痛

      rebound tenderness 反跳痛

      somatalgia 軀體痛

      sore throat 咽喉痛

      stomachache 胃痛

      toothache 牙痛

      bloody sputum 帶血的痰

      cough 咳嗽

      dry cough 干咳

      expectoration 咳痰

      expectoration of blood 咳血

      hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧

      apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息

      asthma 氣喘,哮喘

      Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸

      dyspnea 呼吸困難

      hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度

      hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表

      hypoxia 低氧,缺氧

      orthopnea 端坐呼吸

      respiratory arrest 呼吸停止

      suffocation 窒息

      tachypnea 呼吸急促

      fetid breath 口臭

      fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊

      atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全

      cardiac arrest 心搏驟停

      cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大

      cyanosis 發(fā)紺,青紫

      distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張

      extrasystole 期外收縮

      gallop rhythm 奔馬律

      hemopleura 血胸

      hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流

      hypovolemia (循環(huán))血容量減少

      palpitation 心悸

      tachycardia 心動過速

      pneumothorax 氣胸

      thrill 震顫

      absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失

      dull sound 濁音

      hyperresonant 鼓音

      rale 啰音

      rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音

      wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食

      dysphagia 吞咽困難

      eructation 噯氣

      belching 噯氣

      flatulence 氣脹

      flatus 腸胃氣,屁

      gaseous distention 胃脹氣

      hematemesis 嘔血

      hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆

      nausea 惡心

      pyrosis 胃灼熱

      regurgitation 反胃,回流

      thirsty 口渴

      vomiting 嘔吐

      anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂

      ascites 腹水

      board—like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹

      decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱

      exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張

      fistula 瘺,瘺管

      hemorrhoid 痔

      hernia 疝

      hepatomegaly 肝腫大

      intussusception 腸套疊

      jaundice 黃疸

      muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)