英語(yǔ)閱讀例證題的方法講解
一、判斷題型
通過(guò)對(duì)考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章題干的觀察分類例證題題干特點(diǎn)如下，當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example，demonstrate，illustrate，case，story，即可判斷該題干為例證題，見(jiàn)歷年真題題干如下：
1. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.
2. George Washington's dental surgery in mentioned to____.
3. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
4. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____.
二、方法
通過(guò)對(duì)歷年真題的分析，例證題的考察主要考察的是論點(diǎn)論據(jù)的區(qū)分，即找出例子論證的論點(diǎn)。例證題可細(xì)分為兩種類型，例子在文首，例子在文中。例 子在文首時(shí)，多為了引出文章主題，主題通常緊隨例子后面；例子在文中時(shí)，多為剛剛陳述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，接著舉例論證的情況，所以觀點(diǎn)多數(shù)情況緊隨例子前面。
例子在文首見(jiàn)歷年真題題干如下：
1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
例子出現(xiàn)在文章首段，用過(guò)去式陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生在大型肉食動(dòng)物身上的事情，一段末通過(guò)now這個(gè)時(shí)間指示副詞和文章開(kāi)頭的arrived之間的對(duì)比，提出文章主題，Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。正確答案為最后首段末句的同義替換，C。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
一段通過(guò)一個(gè)現(xiàn)象的敘述，引出二段首的觀點(diǎn)，此篇文章，主旨句特點(diǎn)比較明顯，為段首的問(wèn)句，問(wèn)題的答案即為主旨，what might account for this strange phenomenon?
三、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
通過(guò)對(duì)真題的分析，例證題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征多為就事論事，混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。見(jiàn)真題如下：
1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment(文中一段例子中的'細(xì)節(jié)，不可概括主題)
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared(文中一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)，不可概括主題)
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones(與文中一段三句相矛盾，屬于一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)上的反向干擾。)
綜合分析其它三個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)特征其實(shí)一句話概括，即題干問(wèn)為什么舉例，而干擾選項(xiàng)在說(shuō)這個(gè)例子本身——就事論事，混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
(球員出生現(xiàn)象不能夠直接強(qiáng)調(diào)職業(yè)訓(xùn)練的重要性，此處通過(guò)球員出生的例子在沒(méi)有論證的情況下，還不能得出結(jié)論，即天才是后天造就的，文章的論證 是下面的邏輯順序：球員出生現(xiàn)象的引子——原因的猜測(cè)：某些星相學(xué)玄學(xué)原因?——接著通過(guò)埃里克森的實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：天才是后天造就。該選項(xiàng)跳躍性太強(qiáng)，出 現(xiàn)了邏輯斷層。)
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
(例證為了引出主題：二段首，卓越的原因，而不是討論球員本身，選項(xiàng)B非作者意圖。)
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
(文章中說(shuō)的是球員，不是球隊(duì)，屬于一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)上的偷換概念。)
通過(guò)對(duì)干擾選項(xiàng)的觀察，B、D兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)都是就事論事，討論例子本身，非作者意圖，沒(méi)有分清論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。
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