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  • 考研英語閱讀例證題方法講解

    時(shí)間:2021-01-19 12:32:29 英語閱讀 我要投稿

    考研英語閱讀例證題方法講解

      考研英語閱讀是整體試卷分?jǐn)?shù)最重的部分,歷年都是兵家必爭之地,也是讓很多考生很“憂愁”的題型之一。下面是小編為大家?guī)淼目佳杏⒄Z閱讀例證題方法講解,歡迎閱讀。

    考研英語閱讀例證題方法講解

      一、判斷題型

      通過對考研英語閱讀文章題干的觀察分類例證題題干特點(diǎn)如下,當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example,demonstrate,illustrate,case,story等詞即可判斷該題干為例證題,見歷年真題題干如下:

      1. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____. (2008 text3)

      2. George Washington's dental surgery in mentioned to____. (2008 text 4)

      3. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)

      4. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____. (2007 text 4)

      二、方法

      通過對歷年真題的分析,例證題的考察主要考察的是論點(diǎn)論據(jù)的區(qū)分,即找出例子論證的論點(diǎn)。例證題可細(xì)分為兩種類型:例子在文首、例子在文中。例子在文首時(shí),多為了引出文章主題,主題通常緊隨例子后面;例子在文中時(shí),多為剛剛陳述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),接著舉例論證的情況,所以觀點(diǎn)多數(shù)情況緊隨例子前面。

      例子在文首見歷年真題題干如下:

      1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____. (2006 Text 3)

      [A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment

      [B] small species survived as large animals disappeared

      [C] large sea animals may face the same threat today

      [D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

      例子出現(xiàn)在文章首段,用過去式陳述過去發(fā)生在大型肉食動(dòng)物身上的事情,一段末通過now這個(gè)時(shí)間指示副詞和文章開頭的arrived之間的對比提出文章主題,Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。正確答案為最后首段末句的同義替換,C。

      2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)

      [A] stress the importance of professional training.

      [B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.

      [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.

      [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.

      一段通過一個(gè)現(xiàn)象的敘述,引出二段首的觀點(diǎn),此篇文章,主旨句特點(diǎn)比較明顯,為二段首的問句,問題的答案即為主旨,what might account for this strange phenomenon?首段中的問句及二段首的問句就是文章的主旨,另見2001text4,2002text3。2005年第二篇及2007年第二篇首段連續(xù)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)并列問句的情況不是文章主旨。

      三、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

      通過對真題的'分析,例證題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征多為就事論事,混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。見真題如下:

      1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____. (2006 Text 3)

      [A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment(文中一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié),不可概括主題)

      [B] small species survived as large animals disappeared(文中一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié),不可概括主題)

      [C] large sea animals may face the same threat today

      [D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones(與文中一段三句相矛盾,屬于一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)上的反向干擾。)

      綜合分析其它三個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)特征其實(shí)一句話概括,即題干問為什么舉例,而干擾選項(xiàng)在說這個(gè)例子本身——就事論事,混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。

      2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)

      [A] stress the importance of professional training.

     。ㄇ騿T出生現(xiàn)象不能夠直接強(qiáng)調(diào)職業(yè)訓(xùn)練的重要性,此處通過球員出生的例子在沒有論證的情況下,還不能得出結(jié)論,即天才是后天造就的,文章的論證是下面的邏輯順序:球員出生現(xiàn)象的引子——原因的猜測:某些星相學(xué)玄學(xué)原因?——接著通過埃里克森的實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論:天才是后天造就。該選項(xiàng)跳躍性太強(qiáng),出現(xiàn)了邏輯斷層。)

      [B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.

      (例證為了引出主題:二段首,卓越的原因,而不是討論球員本身,選項(xiàng)B非作者意圖。)

      [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.

      [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.

      (文章中說的是球員,不是球隊(duì),屬于一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)上的偷換概念。)

      通過對干擾選項(xiàng)的觀察,B、D兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)都是就事論事,討論例子本身,非作者意圖,沒有分清論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。

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