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英語六種常用時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
上學(xué)期間,說到知識(shí)點(diǎn),大家是不是都習(xí)慣性的重視?知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。還在為沒有系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)而發(fā)愁嗎?以下是小編為大家收集的英語六種常用時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (be;do/does)
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
標(biāo)志詞:often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally等和時(shí)間狀語如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, on Sundays, every day/week/month/year,等。
用法:
(1).客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。
The earth runs around the sun.
(2)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng) 、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 )可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。
The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.
下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。
How often does this shuttle bus run?
這班車多久一趟?
。3)在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或由if, so/as long as, once, even if, although, whether…or…, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn))。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。
一般過去時(shí)
1.概念:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
2.標(biāo)志詞:yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。(有時(shí)句子中雖然不含表示過去時(shí)間的狀語,但根據(jù)語境可判斷動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生,而且與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系,也需用一般過去時(shí)。)
一般將來時(shí)(will / shall do)
用法:1.be going to do:打算去……,要……
This is just what I am going to say.
這正是我想說的。
2.be about to do:即將、正要,強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。
例:Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。
3."be to do":按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事。 (客觀安排,人為安排)
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。
5) 有些動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,可以表示將來時(shí)。 例:My mother is coming to visit me next week.(我媽媽下周將來看我。)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)
概念:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
標(biāo)志詞:now, at this moment, look, listen,
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
概念:強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。
例:Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
別擔(dān)心,你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。
注意事項(xiàng):由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng),可參考"一般將來時(shí)"和"現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)"的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)
概念:
1.表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,強(qiáng)調(diào)其對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。此時(shí)用短暫性動(dòng)詞。標(biāo)志詞:already, just, yet, never, before,
2. 表示某動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時(shí)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。標(biāo)志詞:lately, recently, in the past/last few days/years, since then, up to now, so far; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段;
時(shí)態(tài)習(xí)題:
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.
2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.
4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.
6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).
7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.
8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she ________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演員).
常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)
由“助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be 有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。
(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時(shí):was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃正在執(zhí)行中。
(4) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個(gè)時(shí)候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時(shí):will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運(yùn)往國外。
(6) 過去將來時(shí):would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經(jīng)理說這個(gè)工程在年底前將會(huì)完成。
(7) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時(shí):had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達(dá)劇院時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)票已賣完了。
初中英語時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
過去進(jìn)行的結(jié)構(gòu)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由"was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。如:
I was doing my lessons then. 那時(shí),我在做功課。
We were cleaning the house. 我們?cè)诖驋叻孔印?/p>
過去將來時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
初中英語時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn):一般現(xiàn)在表過去的用法
1.用于某些動(dòng)詞(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不確定的過去時(shí)間:
John tells me you will leave tomorrow. 約翰告訴我你明天離開。
I hear that he got married last month. 我聽說他上個(gè)月結(jié)婚了。
I hear you want a secretary. 我聽說你需要一個(gè)秘書。
He says the matter is rather urgent. 他說這事相當(dāng)緊急。
Mary says you told her to come over here. 瑪麗說是你讓她到這兒來的。
It really gets me when he says those stupid things. 他說那些傻話真讓我生氣。
2.當(dāng)要陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)時(shí),有時(shí)即使有過去時(shí)間狀語也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937. 故事開始于1937年。
運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常見的幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤
1、把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯(cuò)。例:
(1)誤:They are swiming (swim) .
正:They are swimming (swim).
(2)誤:Jenny is plaiing (play) football.
正:Jenny is playing (play) football.
解析:A、動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:一般-ing;啞e先去e;重閉單輔先雙寫;-ie結(jié)尾y來替。
B、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則要與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)單三等規(guī)則區(qū)分開來。
2、謂語部分的構(gòu)成不完整:丟掉be動(dòng)詞,或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞。例:
(1)誤:Look! Two children flying (fly) a kite in the park.
正:Look!Two children are flying (fly) a kite in the park.
(2)誤:Li Ming isnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.
正:Li Ming isnt reading ( not read) a book in bed now.
解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語部分的構(gòu)成是"be+現(xiàn)在分詞",二者缺一不可,這一點(diǎn)必須要牢記。
3、對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問時(shí),丟掉代動(dòng)詞doing。例:
The students are singing in the room.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)
→誤:What are the students in the room?
→正:What are the students doing in the room?
解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中對(duì)動(dòng)作提問可記住此句式"What +be +主語+doing+其它?"或簡寫為"What......doing......? "句式。
4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的謂語部分是并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),容易忽視第二個(gè)以及第二個(gè)以后的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。例:
孩子們?cè)谂苓是在跳?
誤:Are the children running or jump?
正:Are the children running or jumping?
解析: or連接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,動(dòng)詞形式須一致。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的三種句式結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)在句式的變化上,都應(yīng)在助動(dòng)詞be上做文章。
1、 肯定式:be(am, is, are)+ Ving(現(xiàn)在分詞) 如:
They are having an English class. 他們?cè)谏嫌⒄Z課。
2、 否定式:be(am, is, are) + not + Ving(現(xiàn)在分詞) 如:
They arent having an English class. 他們不在上英語課。
3、 疑問式:將be的具體形式(即am, is或are)提前到句首。如:
Are they having an English class? 他們?cè)谏嫌⒄Z課嗎?
助動(dòng)詞變化口訣:變疑問,往前提,句后問號(hào)莫丟棄;變否定,更容易,be后not 莫忘記。
初中英語時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am / is / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
I’m studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中學(xué)讀書。
He is writing on the desk. 他再課桌上寫字。
They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撚伍L城的事情。
【說明】動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成方法:
(1) 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ing。如:say—saying, play—playing, think—thinking, study—studying, teach —teaching, blow—blowing, build—building.
(2) 動(dòng)詞若以-e結(jié)尾, 則去e再加-ing。如:love—loving, make—making, guide—guiding, date—dating.
(3) 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后,雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ing。如:begin—beginning, regret—regretting, plan—planning, ban — banning.
(4) 在以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,改ie為y,再加-ing。如:lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying.
(5) 在以-c[k] 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-king。如:picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
(1) 表示目前正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
They are planting trees on the mountain. 他們?cè)谏缴现矘洹?/p>
Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母親在廚房做晚飯。
(2) 有些非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作即將進(jìn)行或發(fā)生,或表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。如:
He is joining the army. 他要參軍了。
They are buying the house. 他們要買那座房子。
(3) 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always, forever, constantly, continually修飾時(shí),表示說話人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如:
Why is the baby always crying? 為什么那個(gè)老是在哭。
They are always helping us. 他們總是幫助我們。
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