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希臘神話節(jié)選
希臘神話【8】Dionysus 狄俄尼索斯
Dionysus
Dionysus was the god of wine．He was the son of Zeus by Semele． When his mother was burnt to death in the glory of Zeus ．He was still a helpless infant．His father trusted his upbringing to some mountain fairy maidens ．They tookthe greatest care of him． Under the tutorship of Silennus，the Satyr， he was introduced to all the secrets of nature and the culture of the wine． He travelled far and wide in his carriage drawn by wild beasts． He was said to have been to India and Ethiopia ．Wherever he went， there was music and song and revelling．Hisattendants，known as the Bacchantes， were noted for their noiseand disorder．A most wild，noisy crow，they drank，danced andsang in a careless way．The women Bacchantes were infamous for their excessive immodesty and disgraceful excitement ．In their madness and intoxication they committed cruel violence. They tore Orpheus，the gifted musician，limb from limb．King Pentheus of Thebes，for frowning on the worship of Bacchus in his kingdom， suffered the same treatment at the hands of a band of these fanatical women，of whom his own mother was the leader．
狄俄尼索斯
狄俄尼索斯是酒神，他是宙斯和塞梅萊的兒子。當(dāng)他的媽媽被宙斯的璀璨之焰燒死時(shí)，他還只是個(gè)孤弱的嬰兒。他的父親將他寄托在山中仙子們那里，他們精心地哺育他長大。在森林之神西萊娜斯的輔導(dǎo)下，他掌握了有關(guān)自然的所有秘密以及酒的歷史。他乘坐著他那輛由野獸駕駛的四輪馬車到處游蕩。據(jù)說他曾到過印度和埃塞俄比亞。他走到哪兒，樂聲、歌聲、狂飲就跟到哪兒。他的侍從們，被稱為酒神的信徒，也因他們的吵鬧無序而出名。他們肆無忌憚地狂笑，漫不經(jīng)心地喝酒、跳舞和唱歌。侍從中的婦女也因極端粗野、得意起來有失體面而臭名昭著。當(dāng)她們瘋狂或是極度興奮時(shí)，她們使用殘忍的暴力。她們曾把俄爾浦斯這位才華橫溢的音樂家的手足撕裂。就連底比斯國王，僅因?yàn)樵诒緡绨莅涂怂梗ǖ叶砟崴魉沟膭e名）問題上皺了皺眉頭，也遭受了同樣的懲罰。而帶領(lǐng)這群狂熱的女人胡作非為的就是狄俄尼索斯的母親。
希臘神話【11】The Flood 洪水
The Flood
Towards the end of the Age of Bronze the human world became very cruel．
Men grew hungry，impolite and ungodly．Neither rightn or law was respected any longer，and the rule of hospitality was forgotten．Dressed up in human form，Zeus visited Arcadia andThessaly，and disliked the deadly wrongs of men ．He decidedto clear the earth of them all．Without hesitation he released therainy south wind and called upon the heartless Poseidon to help．Soon the whole world sank in a vast ocean， and the entire humanrace disappeared in the unheard of flood，all but two poor Thessalians ．
These were an old childless couple，kind and faithful and contented with life．The man was called Deucalion and his wife Pyrrha．Son of Prometheus，Deucalion had been warned beforehand by his father of the coming flood and made himself a hugechest．When the roaring flood came the couple hid themselves init and floated for nine days until it touched land again on Mt Parnassus．
The once active world presented a frightening sight．It was all death and ruin．Feeling lonely and unsafe，the old coupleprayed to the gods for help．A sage instructed them to cast the bones of their mother about ．The son of the wise Titan， havingguessed the true meaning of the mysterious command， started throwing stones behind him． A miracle occurred． The stonesthat the man cast became men；the stones that the woman threwturned into women．Since then，people appeared on the land again．The Heroic Age had begun．
洪水
到了青銅期末代，人類世界變得非常殘忍，人類也變得貪婪、粗魯且不虔誠。公理與法律不再受到尊重。殷勤好客的風(fēng)俗被遺忘。宙斯裝扮成凡人的樣子查看了阿卡迪亞和色薩利兩地。他不喜歡凡人極度的罪惡，決心將他們從地球上鏟除。他毫不猶豫地釋放了夾雨的南風(fēng)，并召來冷酷無情的波塞冬協(xié)助他。很快整個(gè)人類世界被淹沒在一片汪洋之中。除了兩名恭順的色薩利人幸免于難外，人類被史無前例的洪水吞噬。
這對老夫妻沒有孩子。他們善良、虔誠、對生活心滿意足。丈夫是普羅米修斯的兒子，名叫丟卡利翁，妻子名為皮拉。丟卡利翁的父親事先就警告他會爆發(fā)洪水，因此，他制了個(gè)巨大的箱子。當(dāng)咆哮的洪水涌來時(shí)，夫妻倆就躲藏在箱中，這樣漂泊了九天，最終漂到了帕那薩斯山。
曾經(jīng)生機(jī)勃勃的大地呈現(xiàn)出恐怖的景象。死亡與毀滅四處可見。老夫妻深感孤獨(dú)和危險(xiǎn)。他們就向上帝祈禱，乞求幫助。一位圣人指示他們把母親的遺骨擲向四周。這位聰明的泰坦的后代，馬上悟出了這個(gè)神秘指示所隱含的意義。他們開始將石頭拋向身后。奇跡出現(xiàn)了。男人拋出的石頭變成了男人，女人拋的則變成了女人。從此人類再次在陸地上出現(xiàn)，英雄時(shí)代來臨。
希臘神話【10】Palladium 雅典娜的神像
Palladium
When Ilus had first built his new seat，the city of Troy， he prayed Zeus to show some sign of blessing for it． His prayer was heard，and a wooden image of Pallas- A-thena fell from heaven to within the walls of the city． Known as the Palladium， the statue afforded the city safety and protection． At religious meetings of the goddess it was carried through the city streets amid joys and songs of praise．
After the flames of war had spread for ten years before the walls of Troy， a prophet foretold that Troy could never be expected to fall as long as the Palladium was treasured by its people ．In order to steal it out，Odysseus and Diomedes slipped into the capital one night in disguise ，known to none but Hellen．The bad woman took out them to He cuba， the queen of Troy， at whose feet Odysseus immediately bowed down and asked formercy．The queen granted their request，and with the help of Helen，they successfully brought the image back to the Greek camp at dawn．
Later it was said that Aeneas got hold of it and carried itwith him to his new land，where it was Preserved together with the goddess' fire．
雅典娜的神像
當(dāng)伊拉斯最初建造特洛伊城時(shí)，他祈求宙斯賜福于這座城市。宙斯聽到祈求后，一尊木制的智慧雅典娜像從天堂落到了城墻里。人們將它稱作雅典娜神像。這尊木像擔(dān)任著保衛(wèi)和看守城市的任務(wù)。在祭神的宗教儀式中，它在歡快的氣氛和贊美的歌聲中被抬著走過城市的所有街道。
在特洛伊建成之前，戰(zhàn)火已彌漫了十年。一位預(yù)言家說：只要雅典娜的神像受人民的愛戴，特洛伊城就永遠(yuǎn)不會衰滅。為了將神像偷出城，一天夜里奧德修斯和狄俄墨德斯喬裝改扮潛入首都，這一切只有海倫知道。這個(gè)可惡的女人把他們介紹給特洛伊皇后赫克猶巴。奧德修斯立刻跪倒在她的面前乞求憐憫�；屎蟠饝�(yīng)了他們的要求，在海倫的幫助下，他們在拂曉的時(shí)候成功地帶著雕像回到希臘營地。
據(jù)說后來埃彌斯得到了雕像并帶著它到了自己的新領(lǐng)地。木像和神火一起被保存在這塊土地上。
希臘神話【9】Philomela 菲勒美拉
Philomela
King Pandion of Athens had two daughters，Procne and Philomela．When Athens was threatened by the wild men，King Tereus of Thrace came to its help．Out of gratitude King Pandion offered Tereus either of his daughters in marriage and the Thracian king chose Procne as wife． For yearsthey lived in Thrace and had one son，Itylus by name．Then Procne became homesick and longed to see her dear sister Philomela．At her repeated requests Tereus sailed to Athens tofetch Philomela．On the way back his evil heart took flame at the sight of Philomela who was then in her beauty of maidenhood．He seized and carried her away by force，cut out her tongue and imprisoned her in a lonely hut in the woods．To Procne he lied，saying that Philomela was dead．Philomela stayed in prison for ayear，where she had woven her painful story into the web of a robe ．Then she managed to send the robe to her sister． As soon as she received the web Procne came over to the woods and to reher sister away from the keepers．
Back at the palace, the two women，hot for paying back ，killed little Itylus and served him up to his father ． When Tereus learned of the terrible truth he grasped his sword and chased the sisters into the woods． There the gods turned Procne into a swallow，Philomela a nightingale and Tereus a hoopoe ．
菲勒美拉
雅典國王潘底翁有兩個(gè)女兒，普魯絲妮和菲勒美拉。當(dāng)雅典受到蠻人的威脅時(shí)，色雷斯國王泰諾斯伸出了援助之手。出于感激，國王潘底翁讓泰諾斯從自己的女兒中任選一位作他妻子。泰諾斯選擇了普魯絲妮。他們在色雷斯生活了許多年，并且生了一個(gè)兒子，名叫意大拉斯。由于遠(yuǎn)離故土，普魯絲妮患了思鄉(xiāng)病，她非常想見親愛的妹妹菲勒美拉。在她的一再要求下，泰諾斯乘船去雅典接菲勒美拉來與她姐姐團(tuán)聚。在返回的途中，看到菲勒美拉渾身散發(fā)出的青春和美麗，泰諾斯非常嫉妒，頓生歹意。他強(qiáng)行帶走了菲勒美拉，并割去了她的舌頭，將她關(guān)在森林中一個(gè)偏僻的小茅屋里。在普魯絲妮面前，他撒謊說菲勒美拉已經(jīng)死了。菲勒美拉被囚禁了整整一年。在囚禁期間，她將痛苦的經(jīng)歷編織成了一件長袍；然后，她想方設(shè)法讓長袍落到她姐姐的手中。普魯絲妮一收到那件長袍就來到了森林，將她妹妹救了出來。
回到宮殿后，姐妹倆急于復(fù)仇，殺死了小意大拉斯，并派人將尸體送到他父親那里。國王泰諾斯得知事情真相后，提起劍來把姐妹兩人趕到森林里。在林中，眾神將普魯絲妮變?yōu)橐恢宦槿福瑢⒎评彰览優(yōu)橐恢灰国L，而將泰諾斯變成了一只戴勝科鳥。
希臘神話【7】Ares 阿瑞斯
Ares
Son of Zeus and Hera，Ares was appointed god of war．Hewas terrible and majestic ，and his march shook the world．Of all the major gods at Olympus，he was the most hateful，loving struggle and war and ever thirsty for blood ．On the other hand he signified courage and victory in battle，and was devoutly worshipped by soldiers going to war．Prayers were addressed to him before the war and spoils presented at his altar after it．
He was the one god who ever had to submit to the power ofhis inferiors ．At one time lack of tact and good udge ment led to his shame．He was fighting with two giants，and finding himself no match for the two monstrous creatures，laid down hisarms and was imprisoned in chains． He was set free in the end by the artful Hermes，but not before he had suffered all the humiliations .
He was as thoughtless as he was unkind ．A son of Poseidon's，attempting to kidnap his daughter，made the war-god unhappy，so that he killed the youth Without he sitation.In retaliation ，Poseidon dragged him before a group of Athenian judges for trial．The court was held on a hill outside Athens．Ares presented his case and was declared innocent . The hill was ever after called Areopagus，“the hill of Ares”，and the judges receivedthe names of Areopagitae．
阿瑞斯
阿瑞斯，宙斯和赫拉之子，被委任為戰(zhàn)神。他威嚴(yán)而可怕。他一走動(dòng)，整個(gè)世界都會搖晃。在奧林波斯山上的所有主神中，他是最可恨的、最喜歡爭斗和戰(zhàn)爭的神，并且永遠(yuǎn)對血腥有一種渴望。另一方面，他代表勇氣和勝利，被即將上戰(zhàn)場的戰(zhàn)士們瘋狂地崇拜。這些崇拜者戰(zhàn)前都要向他祈禱，戰(zhàn)后將戰(zhàn)利品供奉在他的祭壇前。
他是惟一一位曾經(jīng)不得不屈于部下威力的神。有一次，由于缺乏機(jī)智與正確判斷使他蒙受羞辱。他和兩個(gè)巨人決斗，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不能抵擋。他自動(dòng)放下武器，被銬上鐵鏈關(guān)了起來，最后他被老練的赫爾墨斯救出來，但在此之前，他已飽嘗了受侮辱的滋味。
他做事不加思考，就像他的殘暴一樣典型。波塞冬的一個(gè)兒子企圖誘拐他的女兒，弄得戰(zhàn)神非常不悅。于是，他毫不留情地把他干掉了。為了替兒子報(bào)仇，波塞冬拉著阿瑞斯到雅典法官面前要求審判戰(zhàn)神。審判是在城外的一座小山上開庭的，阿瑞斯敘述了案情，最后被判無罪。從那以后，這座山就稱作雅典的最高法院，即“阿瑞斯之山”；而出審的法官們被稱作雅典最高法院的法官。
希臘神話【6】Eros（Cupid）厄洛斯（丘比特）
Eros（Cupid）
Eros was the god of love，better known by hislatin name Cupid．Son of Aphrodite by Ares ，he took his place among the small gods of Olympus．He was represented asa little naked boy，with sparkling wings，and he carried his bowand arrows wherever he wandered．Shooting his thrilling arrows in evils，he inspired the passion of love and provided all nature with life and power of reproduction．The lovely，naughty god had two kinds of arrows：the gold tipped arrows used to quicken the pulse of love and the lead tipped ones to palsy it． Besides，he had a torch to light hearts with．
Though sometimes he was blindfolded ，no man nor god，Zeus himself included，was safe from his evils．At one time the little naughty god was wounded by his own arrows and suchburning love was awakened in him for the human maiden Psyche that he disregarded the constant interference of his mother and plucked up his courage to beg Zeus for justice．Another famousstory where Eros played an important part was the Argonautic expedition．Medea，daughter of king Aeetes，was wounded by Eros' arrows，took Jason's part in recovering the golden fleece and eventually became the hero's wife．
厄洛斯（丘比特）
厄洛斯是愛神，它的拉丁名稱丘比特更為人熟知。他是阿瑞斯和阿芙羅狄蒂的兒子，是一位小奧林波斯山神。他的形象是一個(gè)裸體的小男孩，有一對閃閃發(fā)光的翅膀。他帶著弓箭漫游。他惡作劇地射出令人震顫的神箭，喚起愛的激情。給自然界帶來生機(jī)，授予萬物繁衍的能力。這位可愛而又淘氣的小精靈有兩種神箭：加快愛情產(chǎn)生的金頭神箭和中止愛情的鉛頭神箭。另外，他還有一束照亮心靈的火炬。
盡管有時(shí)他被蒙著眼睛，但沒有任何人或神，包括宙斯在內(nèi)，能逃避他的惡作劇。有一次這位淘氣的精靈被自己的箭射中。對人間少女普賽克熾熱的愛在他心中復(fù)蘇，以致于他不顧他母親的干預(yù)，鼓起勇氣讓宙斯給予公正評判。厄洛斯起了重大作用的另一個(gè)著名的故事是亞爾古英雄的遠(yuǎn)征。美狄亞，國王埃厄忒斯的女兒，被厄洛斯的神箭射中，和伊阿宋一起尋覓金羊毛，最后成為這位英雄的妻子。
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